佟老师：黑龙江省海林市朝鲜族中学外研版高一英语专项复习 | 被动语态

被动语态：英语中的时态与语态

1 主动语态: 有十六种时态.

一般现在时------- 现在进行时

一般过去时------- 过去进行时

一般将来时------- 将来进行时

过去将来时------- 过去将来进行时

现在完成时------- 现在完成进行时

过去完成时------- 过去完成进行时

将来完成时------- 将来完成进行时

过去将来完成时------- 过去将来完成进行时

2 被动语态: 有十种时态.

一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时

一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时

一般将来时将来完成时

过去将来时过去将来完成时

被动语态

1．主动语态的主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态的主语是动作的承受着。

2．构成：助动词be + done (过去分词)

3．用法：句中无动作的执行者或强调动作的承受着时，用被动语态。

4．主动语态与被动语态的转换：

主动：主+谓+宾

被动：主+ be + done+ by + 宾

a People use knives for cutting things .

Knives are used for cutting things .[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]

b They speak English in Canada .

English is spoken in China .

c Mr. Hu asks you to finish your homework .

You are asked tofinish you homework by Mr Hu.[来源:学科网]

注：双宾语时的被动语态[来源:学&科&网]

Mother gives me some money every day .

I am given some money every day .

Some money is giventome every day .

5．被动语态的种类

1）一般现在时的被动语态is /are + done

a Salt is produced in East and South China .

b Trains are made in Zhuzhou .

2）一般过去时的被动语态was /were + done

a The man was caught last night .

b The cards were made by our teacher yesterday .

3) 一般将来时is (are) going to / will + be + done

a The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon .

b Lost time will never be found again .

4) 过去将来时was (were) going to / would + be + done

a They said the work would be finished the next day .

5) 现在完成时have (has) + been + done

a My bag has been stolen .

b Many stamps have been collected by me since last year .

6) 过去完成时had + been +done

a She said this airport had never been used .

7) 现在进行时is (are) + being + done

a A new library is being put up in their school now .

b The watch is being repaired .

8) 过去进行时was (were) + being + done

a The equipment was being examined at this time yesterday .

b The door was being painted at that time .

9）含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be + done

a Your teacher must be listened to carefully .[来源:学科网]

b Homework should be done on time .

10) 动词短语的被动语态“ 不及物动词+ 介词” =及物动词

a Theywill set up anew public school here .

b You must take good care of these trees .

c The boy ate upthe food in the bowl .

11) 将来完成时will + have been +done

12) 过去将来完成时would + have been +done

注：1 只有及物动词有被动语态。不及物动词无被动语态

如: fall，die，arrive，happen ，come true 等．

2 主动语态中省略的不定式符号to ，在被动语态中还原to 。

a Did you see Jack take away the magazine ？

Was Jack seen to take away the magazine ？

b My brother often made me do this and that when I was young .

I am often made to dethis and that when I was young.

3 某些系动词用主动形势表达被动意义。

smell , taste , feel , sound , prove (证明,证实) 等。[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]

a The mixture tasted terrible . b Cotton feels soft .

4有些动词用主动形势表示被动的意义。

draw ,read ,write, clean , move , open , shut , lock ,wash ,

buy, cut , sell , eat , wear , catch (常与well , easily 连用.)

a The goods sells well . b The door can’t open.

C The poem reads well .

5need , want , require , worth等后作宾语的– ing 形式的动词,用主动表示被动的意义.

a This chair needed repairing .=needed to be repaired .

b The walls want painting . = want to be painted .

c The story is worth listening to.( be worth doing sth )

6 主动语态含有宾语从句,变被动语态时, 主语用形式主语it .

It is said / thought / believed / considered that ------

= 主语+ be said /thought / believed / considered to do ---

We know that Britain is an island country .

= It is known that Britain is an island country (by us ).

= Britain is knowto be an island country .

7 动词不定式的被动语态

动词不定式作定语, 且构成动宾关系, 用主动形式表示被动的意义

I have a lot of homeworkto do .

2) 主语+ be +系动词+ to do sth 此句型用主动形式表示被动的意义.

English is hard to learn .= It is hard to learn English .

= It is hard for English to be learnt .

不定式与疑问词连用时, 用主动形式.

The question is what to do .

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